El nino and its Impact on India 👇👇👇


  👇👇👇 El Nino is a phenomena that affects weather patterns all across the world when the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean's surface waters become exceptionally warm. El Nino can have a considerable impact on the monsoon season, which is essential for the nation's agriculture and economy, in India, one of the places most affected by it. In India, the monsoon season normally lasts from June to September and contributes roughly 80% of the nation's yearly rainfall. The monsoon is impacted by the disparity in atmospheric pressure between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, which generates a wind pattern that brings moist air from the southwest. However, this pressure difference decreases during El Nino years, which causes weaker winds and less rainfall over India. According to various sources , El Nino can have several negative effects on India, such as: - El Nino can result in a large decrease in rainfall during the monsoon season, which can result in droughts and poorer crop harvests. The lives and food security of millions of farmers and rural residents may be impacted by this. El Nino occurrences have coincided with some of the worst droughts in India's history, including those that occurred in 2002, 2004, and 2009.
El Nino can also bring about warmer-than-average summertime temperatures, which can result in heatwaves and a higher risk of heat-related diseases and fatalities. This may make certain areas' water and energy problems worse. - Floods and landslides: On the other hand, El Nino can also bring above-average rainfall to some parts of India, especially in the north-eastern regions. This can result in floods and landslides, causing damage to infrastructure and displacement of people. El Nino is not a regular or predictable phenomenon, and its intensity and duration can vary from year to year. Therefore, it is important for India to monitor its occurrence and prepare for its potential impacts on the monsoon and other aspects of climate. Some of the possible measures that can help India cope with El Nino include: - Enhancing weather forecasting and early warning systems: India can increase its capacity to forecast the commencement and intensity of El Nino episodes and their impacts on the monsoon by using satellite data and climate models. This can be useful when preparing in advance for interventions such as disaster relief, crop diversification, irrigation plans, and water management.
- Improving water storage and conservation: India may lessen its reliance on monsoon rains and boost its drought resistance by implementing water-saving techniques and technologies like groundwater recharging, rainwater collecting, drip irrigation, watershed development, and these. India can also retain excess water during wet years and utilize it during dry periods by building dams, reservoirs, and check dams. - Promoting climate-smart agriculture: By adopting climate-smart agricultural practices and technologies, such as drought-tolerant crops, crop rotation, intercropping, mulching and organic farming, India can improve its crop productivity and adaptability to changing weather conditions. Moreover, by diversifying its agricultural sector and promoting non-farm activities, India can reduce its vulnerability to crop failures and income losses.